Vander’s Renal Physiology 7th Edition (McGraw-Hill) 2009

In the several years since publication of the previous edition of Vander’s Renal Physiology, the creative work of the research community has penetrated ever more deeply into the intricacies of signaling systems that regulate events in different regions of the kidney. This progress not only gives a more complete picture of how the kidney accomplishes its various tasks, but also presents a still bigger challenge to the student to learn the principles of renal function in an integrated manner that is not split into isolated fragments. The approach in this text is to distill the essence of renal processes and their regulation into a core that is accurate, yet not so burdened with detail that it overwhelms the reader. Rather than add complexity, the authors have purposely limited detail in order to keep the reader focused on the logic of renal processes. Accordingly, the goals in the preparation of this edition were :

• (1) to incorporate the results of new literature,
• (2) point out the logical connection between events at the cellular level and their consequences for the well being of the body, and
• (3) to revise the text to improve its clarity.

Consistent with prior editions allot considerable coverage to body systems other than the kidneys, particularly the cardiovascular system, in order to bring out how the kidneys influence those systems, and in turn are influenced by those systems.
To help orient the reader and to prevent students from being mired in details, this text have added key concepts at the end of each chapter. This feature also highlights the major points throughout the text and allows easy and quick review. These key concepts, together with the learning objectives, will be effective tools in learning renal physiology.

Contents
Chapter 1 Renal Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes 1
Functions / 2
Anatomy of the Kidneys and Urinary System / 4
The Nephron / 5
Blood Supply to the Nephrons / 12
Basic Renal Processes / 16
Chapter 2 Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration 24
Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow / 25
Flow, Resistance, and Pressure in the Kidneys / 25
Glomerular Filtration / 26
Autoregulation / 34
Chapter 3 Clearance 38
Clearance Units / 39
Plasma Creatinine and Urea Concentrations as Indicators of GFR Changes / 43
Chapter 4 Basic Transport Mechanisms 47
Crossing the Epithelial Barriers / 47
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Transcytosis / 53
Transport Mechanisms in Reabsorption / 55
Chapter 5 Renal Handling of Organic Substances 63
Active Proximal Reabsorption of Organic Nutrients (eg, Glucose, Amino Acids) / 64
Proteins and Peptides / 66
Active Proximal Secretion of Organic Anions / 68
Active Proximal Secretion of Organic Cations / 70
pH Dependence of Passive Reabsorption or Secretion / 74
Urea / 74
Chapter 6 Basic Renal Processes for Sodium, Chloride, and Water 77
Overview / 78
Individual Tubular Segments / 84
Urinary Concentration: The Medullary Osmotic Gradient / 93
Chapter 7 Control of Sodium and Water Excretion: Regulation of Plasma Volume and Plasma Osmolality and Renal Control of Systemic Blood Pressure 102
Regulation of Blood Pressure / 104
Contribution of the Kidney to the Regulation of Sodium Excretion and Blood Pressure / 110
Control of Water Excretion / 131
Chapter 8 Renal Regulation of Potassium Balance 140
Regulation of Potassium Between the Intracellular and Extracellular Compartments / 141
Renal Potassium Handling / 143
Chapter 9 Regulation of Hydrogen Ion Balance 155
Guidelines for Studying Acid-Base Biology / 156
Renal Handling of Acids and Bases / 162
Renal Excretion of Acid and Base / 165
Hydrogen Ion Excretion on Urinary Buffers / 167
Phosphate and Organic Acids as Buffers / 169
Hydrogen Ion Excretion on Ammonium / 170
Quantification of Renal Acid-Base Excretion / 174
Regulation of the Renal Handling of Acids and Bases / 176
Control of Renal Glutamine Metabolism and NH4+ Excretion / 177
Intravenous Solutions: Lactated Ringer’s / 178
Specific Categories of Acid-Base Disorders / 179
Renal Response to Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis / 180
Factors Causing the Kidneys to Generate or Maintain A Metabolic Alkalosis / 181
Chapter 10 Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Balance 185
Effector Sites for Calcium Balance / 188
Hormonal Control of Effector Sites / 192
PTH / 193
Overview of Renal Phosphate Handling / 197
Answers to Study Questions 201
Appendix A 209
Appendix B 211
Index 213

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